![]() Each bucket splits the water jet in half, thus balancing the side-load forces or thrust on the wheel and thus the bearings.It operates with a very flat efficiency curve.The Pelton turbine is the most efficient of hydro turbines. ![]() These are some advantages of Pelton Wheel Turbine: In the case of Pelton Wheel, the velocity at the inlet (U1) is equal to the velocity of the outlet (U2) Calculation of Power: Advantages of Pelton Wheel: It is the ratio of power generated by the runner of the turbine to the water-energy supplied to the bucket of the runner. The term “efficiency” is defined as the ratio of work done to the energy supplied. The Efficiency of the Impulse or Pelton wheel Turbine: So that the runner rotates at very high speed and the quantity of water striking the vanes or buckets is controlled by the spear present inside the nozzle and then the main important process is the generator is attached to the shaft of the runner which converts the mechanical energy (rotational energy) of the runner into an electrical energy. Now, the jet of water from the nozzle strikes the buckets (vanes) of the runner. The nozzle increases the kinetic energy of the water and directs the water in the form of the jet. From there it comes through the penstock and reaches the nozzle of the Pelton turbine. Let’s understand by the figure or layout of the hydropower plant, The water is stored at the high head. Working Principle of Pelton Wheel Turbine:īy Tennessee Valley Authority SVG version by Tomia – This file was derived from: Hydroelectric dam.png, CC BY 2.5, This jet of water is called breaking jet. To stop the runner in a short time, a small nozzle is provided which directs the jet of water on the back of the vanes. But the runner due to inertia goes on revolving for a long time. When the nozzle is completely closed by moving the spear in the forward direction, the amount of water striking the runner reduces to zero. The casing of the Pelton wheel does not perform any hydraulic function. It is made of cast iron or fabricated steel plates. It also acts as a safe ground against accidents. The function of the casing is to prevent the splashing of the water and to discharge water to the tailrace. The bucket is made of cast iron, cast Steel bronze or stainless steel depending upon the head at the inlet of the turbine Casing: The bucket is shaped in such a way that the jet gets deflected through 160 degrees or 170 degrees. ![]() The splitter divides the jet into two equal parts and the Jets come out at the outer edge of the bucket. The jet of water strikes on the splitter. ![]() Each bucket is divided into two symmetrical parts by a dividing wall which is known as a splitter. The Shape of the bucket is of a double hemispherical cup or bowl. The runner or blade consists of a circular disc on the Periphery of which several buckets evenly spaced are fixed. On the other hand, if the sphere is pushed back, the amount of water striking the runner increases. When the spear is pushed forward into the nozzle and the amount of water striking the runner is reduced. The speed is a conical needle which is operated either by a hand wheel or automatically in an axial direction depending upon the size of the unit. The amount of water striking the buckets of the runner is controlled by providing a spear in the nozzle. ![]()
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